October 4, 2024
DAILY BIBLE READING – Luke Chapter 22
1 Now the feast of unleavened bread drew nigh, which is called the Passover.
2 And the chief priests and scribes sought how they might kill him; for they feared the people.
3 Then entered Satan into Judas surnamed Iscariot, being of the number of the twelve.
4 And he went his way, and communed with the chief priests and captains, how he might betray him unto them.
5 And they were glad, and covenanted to give him money.
6 And he promised, and sought opportunity to betray him unto them in the absence of the multitude.
7 Then came the day of unleavened bread, when the passover must be killed.
8 And he sent Peter and John, saying, Go and prepare us the passover, that we may eat.
9 And they said unto him, Where wilt thou that we prepare?
10 And he said unto them, Behold, when ye are entered into the city, there shall a man meet you, bearing a pitcher of water; follow him into the house where he entereth in.
11 And ye shall say unto the goodman of the house, The Master saith unto thee, Where is the guestchamber, where I shall eat the passover with my disciples?
12 And he shall shew you a large upper room furnished: there make ready.
13 And they went, and found as he had said unto them: and they made ready the passover.
14 And when the hour was come, he sat down, and the twelve apostles with him.
15 And he said unto them, With desire I have desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer:
16 For I say unto you, I will not any more eat thereof, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God.
17 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves:
18 For I say unto you, I will not drink of the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come.
19 And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me.
20 Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.
21 But, behold, the hand of him that betrayeth me is with me on the table.
22 And truly the Son of man goeth, as it was determined: but woe unto that man by whom he is betrayed!
23 And they began to enquire among themselves, which of them it was that should do this thing.
24 And there was also a strife among them, which of them should be accounted the greatest.
25 And he said unto them, The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and they that exercise authority upon them are called benefactors.
26 But ye shall not be so: but he that is greatest among you, let him be as the younger; and he that is chief, as he that doth serve.
27 For whether is greater, he that sitteth at meat, or he that serveth? is not he that sitteth at meat? but I am among you as he that serveth.
28 Ye are they which have continued with me in my temptations.
29 And I appoint unto you a kingdom, as my Father hath appointed unto me;
30 That ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
31 And the Lord said, Simon, Simon, behold, Satan hath desired to have you, that he may sift you as wheat:
32 But I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not: and when thou art converted, strengthen thy brethren.
33 And he said unto him, Lord, I am ready to go with thee, both into prison, and to death.
34 And he said, I tell thee, Peter, the cock shall not crow this day, before that thou shalt thrice deny that thou knowest me.
35 And he said unto them, When I sent you without purse, and scrip, and shoes, lacked ye any thing? And they said, Nothing.
36 Then said he unto them, But now, he that hath a purse, let him take it, and likewise his scrip: and he that hath no sword, let him sell his garment, and buy one.
37 For I say unto you, that this that is written must yet be accomplished in me, And he was reckoned among the transgressors: for the things concerning me have an end.
38 And they said, Lord, behold, here are two swords. And he said unto them, It is enough.
39 And he came out, and went, as he was wont, to the mount of Olives; and his disciples also followed him.
40 And when he was at the place, he said unto them, Pray that ye enter not into temptation.
41 And he was withdrawn from them about a stone’s cast, and kneeled down, and prayed,
42 Saying, Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done.
43 And there appeared an angel unto him from heaven, strengthening him.
44 And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground.
45 And when he rose up from prayer, and was come to his disciples, he found them sleeping for sorrow,
46 And said unto them, Why sleep ye? rise and pray, lest ye enter into temptation.
47 And while he yet spake, behold a multitude, and he that was called Judas, one of the twelve, went before them, and drew near unto Jesus to kiss him.
48 But Jesus said unto him, Judas, betrayest thou the Son of man with a kiss?
49 When they which were about him saw what would follow, they said unto him, Lord, shall we smite with the sword?
50 And one of them smote the servant of the high priest, and cut off his right ear.
51 And Jesus answered and said, Suffer ye thus far. And he touched his ear, and healed him.
52 Then Jesus said unto the chief priests, and captains of the temple, and the elders, which were come to him, Be ye come out, as against a thief, with swords and staves?
53 When I was daily with you in the temple, ye stretched forth no hands against me: but this is your hour, and the power of darkness.
54 Then took they him, and led him, and brought him into the high priest’s house. And Peter followed afar off.
55 And when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the hall, and were set down together, Peter sat down among them.
56 But a certain maid beheld him as he sat by the fire, and earnestly looked upon him, and said, This man was also with him.
57 And he denied him, saying, Woman, I know him not.
58 And after a little while another saw him, and said, Thou art also of them. And Peter said, Man, I am not.
59 And about the space of one hour after another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is a Galilaean.
60 And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew.
61 And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice.
62 And Peter went out, and wept bitterly.
63 And the men that held Jesus mocked him, and smote him.
64 And when they had blindfolded him, they struck him on the face, and asked him, saying, Prophesy, who is it that smote thee?
65 And many other things blasphemously spake they against him.
66 And as soon as it was day, the elders of the people and the chief priests and the scribes came together, and led him into their council, saying,
67 Art thou the Christ? tell us. And he said unto them, If I tell you, ye will not believe:
68 And if I also ask you, ye will not answer me, nor let me go.
69 Hereafter shall the Son of man sit on the right hand of the power of God.
70 Then said they all, Art thou then the Son of God? And he said unto them, Ye say that I am.
71 And they said, What need we any further witness? for we ourselves have heard of his own mouth.
King James Version. Public Domain
Commentary
Introduction:
Chapter 22 of the Gospel of Luke is one of the central passages in the New Testament, as it describes the crucial events immediately preceding the crucifixion of Jesus. This chapter particularly highlights the human and divine aspects of the Passion story by addressing themes of betrayal, fear, loyalty, and sacrificial death.
Commentary:
The betrayal by Judas plays a key role in this chapter. Judas Iscariot, one of Jesus’ twelve closest disciples, is seized by Satan, demonstrating that the betrayal is not only a human decision but also an expression of evil influence. The text describes Judas’ negotiations with the chief priests and their agreement to reward him for his betrayal. This portrayal emphasizes the tragedy of one of Jesus’ closest confidants delivering Him into the hands of His enemies. The motif of betrayal by a friend runs throughout the entire chapter, underscoring the loneliness and pain that Jesus had to endure.
The Last Supper, which Jesus shares with His disciples, is the focal point of the chapter and holds outstanding theological significance. Here, Jesus institutes the sacrament of the Eucharist by handing out bread and wine as symbols of His body and blood. This act announces His impending death and simultaneously expresses the promise of redemption. In Christian faith, the Eucharist is understood as a sign of the new covenant between God and humanity, in which Jesus offers His life as a sacrifice for the sins of mankind. This symbolic act is the culmination of His mission and also a farewell gift to His disciples.
In the scene of Jesus’ prayer on the Mount of Olives in Gethsemane, the human dimension of His suffering becomes particularly evident. Jesus exhibits profound fear and asks God to spare Him the suffering, if it is in accordance with the divine will. This prayer illustrates the tension between Jesus’ human fear of death and His divine commitment to God’s will. It also shows Jesus’ solitude, as His disciples, whom He had called to pray, fall asleep. His determination to fulfill the divine plan is ultimately strengthened by the appearance of an angel who encourages Him in His mission. This passage highlights both Jesus’ humanity and His divine purpose.
The moment of Jesus’ arrest shows how He remains calm and composed in the face of impending disaster. Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss, a sign of intimacy and friendship, which makes the betrayal even more painful. This gesture underscores the tragedy and symbolic value of the betrayal, turning something positive—a sign of love and closeness—into an act of treachery. When one of the disciples tries to defend the situation violently, Jesus stops the escalation and even heals the injured party. This demonstrates His role as a peacemaker and His rejection of violence, even in such an extreme situation. Jesus accepts His arrest as part of the divine plan, showing His willingness to bear suffering.
Peter’s denial, which Jesus had already predicted, presents another dramatic moment in the chapter. Peter, who fervently assured he would never abandon Jesus, denies Him three times out of fear of being arrested. This scene illustrates the weakness and fragility of human character in the face of fear and threat. Peter, who was later to become a central figure in the spread of Christianity, here epitomizes human failure. However, equally important is Jesus’ understanding and forgiveness of Peter, suggesting that the betrayal and denial are part of the divine plan for the forgiveness of sins. When the rooster crows and Peter realizes his denial, he breaks down and weeps bitterly, showing his remorse and inner struggle.
The chapter concludes with Jesus’ condemnation by the Sanhedrin. Here, Jesus is mocked, beaten, and ridiculed, highlighting His humiliation and the suffering He had to endure. Nevertheless, He remains steadfast in His identity as the Son of God. In His statement before the council that He is the Messiah, Jesus demonstrates full awareness of His role in the divine plan of redemption. This leads to His condemnation and confirms the course that will lead to the crucifixion.
Overall, Chapter 22 of the Gospel of Luke addresses central elements of Christian theology: Jesus’ sacrifice, the betrayal by one of His closest disciples, the weakness of human nature, and the divine purpose that Jesus accepts despite His fear. These passages are marked by deep emotional and theological tensions and pave the way for the dramatic finale of the Passion and ultimately the Resurrection. Jesus is portrayed here as both human and divine—a Messiah who shares in the pain and suffering of humanity while fulfilling the divine plan for redemption.
Summary:
Luke 22 describes the final moments of Jesus with His disciples, from the preparation of the Last Supper to His arrest and the beginning of His path of suffering. Judas’ betrayal and Peter’s denial highlight human weakness, while Jesus consciously embraces His role as the suffering Messiah. The chapter ends with the first phase of the trial against Jesus, which will ultimately lead to His condemnation. The events illustrate Jesus’ dedication to the divine will and lay the foundation for redemption through His death.
WEEKLY SPIRIT OF PROPHECY READING – Ellen White | The Desire of Ages
Chapter 66—Controversy
This chapter is based on Matthew 22:15-46; Mark 12:13-40; Luke 20:20-47
Read online here
Commentary
Introduction:
Chapter 66 describes the increasing confrontation between Jesus and the religious leaders of His time, based on the accounts in Matthew 22, Mark 12, and Luke 20. These confrontations illustrate the attempts by the Pharisees, Herodians, and Sadducees to embarrass and trap Jesus through cunning questions. Jesus meets these challenges with wisdom and authority and lays out fundamental principles for the relationship between humans and God and with secular authority.
Commentary:
In this chapter, the Pharisees and their allies attempt to trap Jesus with a question about tax obligations to the Roman emperor. Jesus exposes their hypocrisy and provides a profound answer: “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” He separates worldly duties from divine ones without diminishing loyalty to God. This demonstrates the duality of a believer’s responsibilities in the world.
Subsequently, the Sadducees attack by posing a question about the resurrection, which they themselves deny. Jesus’ response highlights the spiritual nature of eternal life and refutes their materialistic viewpoint. He emphasizes that different principles apply in the Kingdom of God than in earthly existence. The dispute clarifies the difference between outward ritual and true spiritual understanding.
Finally, a scribe asks Jesus a question about the greatest commandment in the law. Jesus summarizes God’s commandments into two: love for God and love for neighbor. This is the essence of the divine commandments, showing that all commandments are based on love. This statement highlights the inner core of the law and emphasizes that obedience can only truly be fulfilled through love.
Summary:
Chapter 66 depicts the conflicts between Jesus and the religious leaders who tried to bring Him down with deceitful questions. Jesus thwarts their plans with clear, wise answers that reveal deeper truths: the balance between secular and divine authority, the reality of the resurrection, and the essence of the divine commandments rooted in love for God and neighbor. At the end of these confrontations, the religious leaders are left speechless, while Jesus’ teachings continue to testify to truth and clarity.
WEEKLY SPIRIT OF PROPHECY READING – Ellen White | The Desire of Ages
Chapter 67—Woes on the Pharisees
This chapter is based on Matthew 23; Mark 12:41-44; Luke 20:45-47; Luke 21:1-4.
Read online here
Commentary
Introduction:
Chapter 67 describes Jesus’ final day, during which He teaches in the temple and delivers a powerful condemnation of the hypocrisy and sanctimony of the religious leaders. Jesus speaks bold words, denouncing the Pharisees and scribes for their false, selfish way of life in faith while simultaneously praising humility and true piety. The crowd observing Him is moved by His words, while the religious leaders are exposed and humiliated.
Commentary:
Jesus’ sharp words against the Pharisees and scribes emphasize their hypocrisy, abuse of power, and selfish motives. Although they appear outwardly pious and emphasize religious duties, they do not adhere to these rules themselves. Jesus condemns their love for titles, honors, and external recognition, highlighting true piety, which is demonstrated through humility, mercy, and service.
The episode of the poor widow who throws her last coins into the temple underscores the importance of selfless sacrifice. While the rich give out of their abundance, the widow gives all she has. This shows that God does not evaluate the material value of a sacrifice but the heart and intention behind it.
At the end, Jesus warns of the spiritual decline of the religious leadership, which will lead to the destruction of Jerusalem. His lament over Jerusalem reflects God’s deep sorrow over the obstinacy of His people, who reject His prophets and ultimately His Messiah.
Summary:
Chapter 67 reveals Jesus’ sharp criticism of the religious leaders of His time. He condemns their hypocrisy and abuse of power, making it clear that true greatness lies in serving and humility. The story of the poor widow demonstrates that God values the heart and willingness to sacrifice of His followers, while Jesus prophesies the impending judgment on Jerusalem. This chapter is a poignant call to inner repentance, genuine piety, and the fulfillment of God’s commandments with love and mercy.
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