October 5, 2024
DAILY BIBLE READING – Luke Chapter 23
1 And the whole multitude of them arose, and led him unto Pilate.
2 And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, saying that he himself is Christ a King.
3 And Pilate asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answered him and said, Thou sayest it.
4 Then said Pilate to the chief priests and to the people, I find no fault in this man.
5 And they were the more fierce, saying, He stirreth up the people, teaching throughout all Jewry, beginning from Galilee to this place.
6 When Pilate heard of Galilee, he asked whether the man were a Galilaean.
7 And as soon as he knew that he belonged unto Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who himself also was at Jerusalem at that time.
8 And when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceeding glad: for he was desirous to see him of a long season, because he had heard many things of him; and he hoped to have seen some miracle done by him.
9 Then he questioned with him in many words; but he answered him nothing.
10 And the chief priests and scribes stood and vehemently accused him.
11 And Herod with his men of war set him at nought, and mocked him, and arrayed him in a gorgeous robe, and sent him again to Pilate.
12 And the same day Pilate and Herod were made friends together: for before they were at enmity between themselves.
13 And Pilate, when he had called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people,
14 Said unto them, Ye have brought this man unto me, as one that perverteth the people: and, behold, I, having examined him before you, have found no fault in this man touching those things whereof ye accuse him:
15 No, nor yet Herod: for I sent you to him; and, lo, nothing worthy of death is done unto him.
16 I will therefore chastise him, and release him.
17 (For of necessity he must release one unto them at the feast.)
18 And they cried out all at once, saying, Away with this man, and release unto us Barabbas:
19 (Who for a certain sedition made in the city, and for murder, was cast into prison.)
20 Pilate therefore, willing to release Jesus, spake again to them.
21 But they cried, saying, Crucify him, crucify him.
22 And he said unto them the third time, Why, what evil hath he done? I have found no cause of death in him: I will therefore chastise him, and let him go.
23 And they were instant with loud voices, requiring that he might be crucified. And the voices of them and of the chief priests prevailed.
24 And Pilate gave sentence that it should be as they required.
25 And he released unto them him that for sedition and murder was cast into prison, whom they had desired; but he delivered Jesus to their will.
26 And as they led him away, they laid hold upon one Simon, a Cyrenian, coming out of the country, and on him they laid the cross, that he might bear it after Jesus.
27 And there followed him a great company of people, and of women, which also bewailed and lamented him.
28 But Jesus turning unto them said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children.
29 For, behold, the days are coming, in the which they shall say, Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bare, and the paps which never gave suck.
30 Then shall they begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us.
31 For if they do these things in a green tree, what shall be done in the dry?
32 And there were also two other, malefactors, led with him to be put to death.
33 And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand, and the other on the left.
34 Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. And they parted his raiment, and cast lots.
35 And the people stood beholding. And the rulers also with them derided him, saying, He saved others; let him save himself, if he be Christ, the chosen of God.
36 And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, and offering him vinegar,
37 And saying, If thou be the king of the Jews, save thyself.
38 And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, This Is The King Of The Jews.
39 And one of the malefactors which were hanged railed on him, saying, If thou be Christ, save thyself and us.
40 But the other answering rebuked him, saying, Dost not thou fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation?
41 And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss.
42 And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom.
43 And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, Today shalt thou be with me in paradise.
44 And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour.
45 And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst.
46 And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.
47 Now when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, Certainly this was a righteous man.
48 And all the people that came together to that sight, beholding the things which were done, smote their breasts, and returned.
49 And all his acquaintance, and the women that followed him from Galilee, stood afar off, beholding these things.
50 And, behold, there was a man named Joseph, a counsellor; and he was a good man, and a just:
51 (The same had not consented to the counsel and deed of them;) he was of Arimathaea, a city of the Jews: who also himself waited for the kingdom of God.
52 This man went unto Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus.
53 And he took it down, and wrapped it in linen, and laid it in a sepulchre that was hewn in stone, wherein never man before was laid.
54 And that day was the preparation, and the sabbath drew on.
55 And the women also, which came with him from Galilee, followed after, and beheld the sepulchre, and how his body was laid.
56 And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and rested the sabbath day according to the commandment.
King James Version. Public Domain
Commentary
Introduction:
Luke Chapter 23 depicts the dramatic and decisive events that lead to the crucifixion of Jesus, as well as His death and burial. The chapter begins with the accusation of Jesus before Pilate, a Roman governor, and His condemnation despite multiple declarations of His innocence. It concludes with the death of Jesus on the cross and His burial. This narrative is a central part of the Passion story, describing the final moments in Jesus’ life and the completion of His earthly mission as the ultimate sacrifice for humanity. The significance of this chapter lies in its portrayal of justice, injustice, mercy, and the fulfillment of divine promises.
Commentary:
The chapter begins with the presentation of Jesus before Pilate, where He is accused of inciting the people and leading a rebellion against Rome. The religious leaders attempt to persuade Pilate to execute Jesus by portraying Him as a threat to Roman authority, particularly by claiming that Jesus has declared Himself to be the “King of the Jews” (Luke 23:2-3). Pilate, who plays a central role as the judge in this story, questions these charges and repeatedly concludes that Jesus has no fault deserving of the death penalty (Luke 23:4, 14-15). This highlights Jesus’ innocence and the injustice of the entire process.
Pilate tries to transfer the responsibility to Herod when he learns that Jesus is from Galilee (Luke 23:6-7). Herod is pleased to see Jesus because he has heard about His miraculous deeds and expects a sign from Him. However, Jesus remains silent before Herod and does not respond to his questions. Herod mocks Jesus, dresses Him in a splendid robe, and sends Him back to Pilate (Luke 23:8-11). This episode emphasizes the inability of worldly power to grasp the true significance of Jesus. Herod is more interested in sensationalism than in justice or truth. The mocking of Jesus by Herod and his soldiers symbolizes the rejection of the Messiah by the people, both Jewish and Roman.
Pilate faces a moral dilemma. He recognizes that Jesus is innocent and attempts multiple times to release Him. However, the pressure from the religious leaders and the agitated crowd, who demand the release of Barabbas, a convicted murderer and insurrectionist, ultimately forces him to act against his better judgment (Luke 23:18-25). The exchange between Jesus and Barabbas holds deeper theological significance: Jesus, the innocent one, takes the place of the guilty. This is seen as a symbol of Jesus’ substitute sacrifice for the sins of humanity. Pilate’s weakness and capitulation to the will of the people starkly contrast with the strength and moral integrity of Jesus, who accepts His fate silently.
On the way to Golgotha, Simon of Cyrene is compelled to carry the cross for Jesus (Luke 23:26). This episode demonstrates Jesus’ physical weakness after the mistreatment but also the willingness of others to participate in His suffering. During the march, Jesus encounters the weeping women of Jerusalem, to whom He prophesies that greater suffering is to come upon them (Luke 23:27-31). These words allude to the impending judgment over Jerusalem and the city’s destruction in 70 A.D. Jesus urges people to reflect on their own situation rather than mourning His suffering. This shows that despite His own pain, Jesus continues to act as a prophetic teacher.
The crucifixion itself, which takes place at the Skull Place (Golgotha), is the climax of the narrative (Luke 23:33-49). Jesus is crucified between two criminals, emphasizing His humiliation and identification with the guilty. Yet, even in this extreme situation, Jesus demonstrates mercy and forgiveness by praying for His tormentors: “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing!” (Luke 23:34). This act of forgiveness is central to understanding the Christian message: Jesus forgives even those who crucify Him, showcasing the depth of His love and mercy.
The scene with the two criminals crucified alongside Jesus further illustrates the theme of grace and forgiveness (Luke 23:39-43). One of the criminals mocks Jesus, while the other acknowledges his guilt and asks Jesus for mercy. Jesus responds to him with the words, “Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise.” This statement demonstrates that redemption is available to all who turn to Jesus in faith, regardless of their past actions. The repentant criminal thus becomes an example of the path to redemption through repentance and trust in Jesus.
The supernatural signs accompanying Jesus’ death—the darkness over the land and the tearing of the temple veil (Luke 23:44-45)—symbolize the cosmic and redemptive-historical event taking place. The temple veil, which separated the Holy of Holies, is torn, opening access to God for all people through Jesus’ death. This moment marks the end of the old covenant and the beginning of a new covenant, where direct access to God is possible for all believers.
Jesus’ death is ultimately acknowledged as just by a Roman centurion, a pagan soldier: “Surely this man was innocent!” (Luke 23:47). This confession from an outsider shows that the truth about Jesus is recognized even by those who are not part of the Jewish people. It is an indication that the message of the Gospel extends beyond Israel to the nations.
Jesus’ burial is carried out by Joseph of Arimathea, a secret disciple of Jesus (Luke 23:50-53). The role of the women who observe Jesus’ tomb and later become the first witnesses of His resurrection demonstrates their faithfulness and dedication. This event sets the stage for the forthcoming resurrection events, which are the cornerstone of the Christian faith.
Summary:
Luke Chapter 23 describes the accusation, condemnation, crucifixion, and death of Jesus. Despite multiple declarations of His innocence, Jesus is condemned to death under pressure from the crowd and the religious leaders, while the murderer Barabbas is released. On the way to the crucifixion, Jesus speaks prophetic words to the women of Jerusalem and forgives His tormentors on the cross. His crucifixion is accompanied by supernatural events that highlight the significance of His sacrifice. The Roman centurion acknowledges Jesus’ innocence, and Joseph of Arimathea ensures His honorable burial. Luke 23 emphasizes themes of injustice, grace, and forgiveness, setting the foundation for the upcoming resurrection.
WEEKLY SPIRIT OF PROPHECY READING – Ellen White | The Desire of Ages
Chapter 66—Controversy
This chapter is based on Matthew 22:15-46; Mark 12:13-40; Luke 20:20-47
Read online here
Commentary
Introduction:
Chapter 66 describes the increasing confrontation between Jesus and the religious leaders of His time, based on the accounts in Matthew 22, Mark 12, and Luke 20. These confrontations illustrate the attempts by the Pharisees, Herodians, and Sadducees to embarrass and trap Jesus through cunning questions. Jesus meets these challenges with wisdom and authority and lays out fundamental principles for the relationship between humans and God and with secular authority.
Commentary:
In this chapter, the Pharisees and their allies attempt to trap Jesus with a question about tax obligations to the Roman emperor. Jesus exposes their hypocrisy and provides a profound answer: “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” He separates worldly duties from divine ones without diminishing loyalty to God. This demonstrates the duality of a believer’s responsibilities in the world.
Subsequently, the Sadducees attack by posing a question about the resurrection, which they themselves deny. Jesus’ response highlights the spiritual nature of eternal life and refutes their materialistic viewpoint. He emphasizes that different principles apply in the Kingdom of God than in earthly existence. The dispute clarifies the difference between outward ritual and true spiritual understanding.
Finally, a scribe asks Jesus a question about the greatest commandment in the law. Jesus summarizes God’s commandments into two: love for God and love for neighbor. This is the essence of the divine commandments, showing that all commandments are based on love. This statement highlights the inner core of the law and emphasizes that obedience can only truly be fulfilled through love.
Summary:
Chapter 66 depicts the conflicts between Jesus and the religious leaders who tried to bring Him down with deceitful questions. Jesus thwarts their plans with clear, wise answers that reveal deeper truths: the balance between secular and divine authority, the reality of the resurrection, and the essence of the divine commandments rooted in love for God and neighbor. At the end of these confrontations, the religious leaders are left speechless, while Jesus’ teachings continue to testify to truth and clarity.
WEEKLY SPIRIT OF PROPHECY READING – Ellen White | The Desire of Ages
Chapter 67—Woes on the Pharisees
This chapter is based on Matthew 23; Mark 12:41-44; Luke 20:45-47; Luke 21:1-4.
Read online here
Commentary
Introduction:
Chapter 67 describes Jesus’ final day, during which He teaches in the temple and delivers a powerful condemnation of the hypocrisy and sanctimony of the religious leaders. Jesus speaks bold words, denouncing the Pharisees and scribes for their false, selfish way of life in faith while simultaneously praising humility and true piety. The crowd observing Him is moved by His words, while the religious leaders are exposed and humiliated.
Commentary:
Jesus’ sharp words against the Pharisees and scribes emphasize their hypocrisy, abuse of power, and selfish motives. Although they appear outwardly pious and emphasize religious duties, they do not adhere to these rules themselves. Jesus condemns their love for titles, honors, and external recognition, highlighting true piety, which is demonstrated through humility, mercy, and service.
The episode of the poor widow who throws her last coins into the temple underscores the importance of selfless sacrifice. While the rich give out of their abundance, the widow gives all she has. This shows that God does not evaluate the material value of a sacrifice but the heart and intention behind it.
At the end, Jesus warns of the spiritual decline of the religious leadership, which will lead to the destruction of Jerusalem. His lament over Jerusalem reflects God’s deep sorrow over the obstinacy of His people, who reject His prophets and ultimately His Messiah.
Summary:
Chapter 67 reveals Jesus’ sharp criticism of the religious leaders of His time. He condemns their hypocrisy and abuse of power, making it clear that true greatness lies in serving and humility. The story of the poor widow demonstrates that God values the heart and willingness to sacrifice of His followers, while Jesus prophesies the impending judgment on Jerusalem. This chapter is a poignant call to inner repentance, genuine piety, and the fulfillment of God’s commandments with love and mercy.
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